Complications of intravitreal steroid injections.

Title
Complications of intravitreal steroid injections.

Source
Optometry (St. Louis, Mo.). 76(8):450-60, 2005 Aug.



BACKGROUND:

Intravitreal corticosteroid injections are a new therapeutic procedure used to treat various retinal edematous and neovascular conditions. They have been used in the treatment of diabetic macular edema, exudative macular degeneration, pseudophakic cystoid macular edema, macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion, and chronic uveitis as well as other conditions. Because the use of this therapeutic technique is becoming increasingly more common, adverse effects are now being seen. The most common adverse effects associated with intravitreal steroid injection are elevation of intraocular pressure and progression of cataract. Endophthalmitis, pseudoendophthalmitis, and retinal detachment have also been reported.

CONCLUSION:

Elevation of intraocular pressure after intravitreal steroid injection can commonly be controlled with topical glaucoma medications. Cataract progression is common in patients after intravitreal injection of corticosteroid; however, findings show these patients are at no additional risk for cataract surgery complications. Therefore, these do not appear to be major contraindications. However, because 30% to 50% of patients experience intraocular pressure rise up to a few months postinjection, and patients are at higher risk for complications such as endophthalmitis, optometrists should be aware of appropriate management after this increasingly utilized therapeutic procedure.